As is often the case, a thought process that starts life as a Twitter thread really needs a more permanent home:
In the spirit of hearing both sides of the NFT conversation, I attended an hour long Twitter Space on Thursday evening — is that the right term? — hosted by The British Journal of Photography [now pitching themselves as ART3] and OpenSea.
The photographers all sounded like lovely people. I was rooting for them but I was soon really feeling for them. I accept that they don’t need me feeling for them but I believe there’s an important conversation still to be had.
I am worried that the people I heard this evening think they are in a world that is about photography.
I don’t believe they are.
NFTs are the child of crypto, not the child of art. That makes it fruit of the poisonous tree, a shady world that exists to drag people into it and make as much money from them while possible.
In that sense, the aspiring photographers are being lead down the garden path. I hope I’m wrong.
To elaborate a little from my original thread [below], I find the language and carrot dangling around NFTs grotesque.
Take this blog post by ART3 themselves. A sentence reads:
“It is no exaggeration to say the value of NFT art has been skyrocketing. In March 2021, American digital artist Beeple fetched a staggering 42,329 ETH ($69 million) at auction for his Everydays series — for which bidding only began at $100.“
It transpires that the investor who purchased Beeple’s creation was actually a consortium of investors, one of whom was…the original artist.
There are many more sides to what did or didn’t go on with this famous sale via the previous link — worth a look if you have the energy but bear in mind it’s time you’ll never claw back.
In short, it’s not the story presented by ART3, OpenSea and the industry at large to aspiring photographers.
HOW DOES IT ALL STACK UP?
During Thursday’s event, we heard from Marc Hartog that some of the photographs are in fact minted on Ethereum rather than Polygon. This was of particular interest to me when considering his response to my email in October.
We heard A LOT about the photography being minted as NFTs but we didn’t hear anything about who’s buying the work. So how does it all stack up?
It’s hard to understand, especially when looking at the NFT sales trends in the art sector [see below] that are openly available here.
And who’s making all this money? Is it sustainable or just a blip? I guess we’ll find out. After all, it’s an arena still very much in its infancy.
My fear is that aspiring photographers are being used to prop up The BJP while it tries to reinvent itself.
HUBBUB
On the topic of stacking up, I see that @1854 now have over quarter of a million followers yet the tiniest amount of engagement I’ve ever seen for such a large following.
That neatly mirrors the noise around NFTs — lots of work minted on the blockchain but apparently not many primary sales, let alone the promised royalties of secondary sales that are already shown to be dwindling.
THE NUB
I could go on even more than I have already over recent weeks. But, as I see it, here’s the nub of it — at least for the art world anyway:
It’s rare that we get the chance to look at a new technology, pause for a moment and ask:
“Is this right?”
I would like to go on the record as one person who says:
“I don’t think this is right and people are already suffering as a result.”
1/ In the spirit of hearing both sides of the NFT conversation, I've attended an hour long Twitter Space this evening — is that the right term? — hosted by The British Journal of Photography and OpenSea.
The photographers all sounded like lovely people. I was rooting for…
I’ve been planning to make an audio story with friend and painter Gavin Watson for some time.
Gavin’s heading off to Switzerland soon to give a series of talks and exhibit some prints of his paintings. His hosts asked if he could supply a short film about his life as an artist.
It was a request that provided the perfect catalyst for us to do both — record the audio that’s been on my mind for a while and to film Gavin at work in Gaviworld, his home studio in the wilds of Northumberland.
So, I went to stay with Gavin for a couple of days earlier this month. The short film we made can now be viewed at the top of this post.
In time, I’ll compile the rest of the audio recordings into a longer story but, for now, I hope you enjoy this wee film.
Thank you for reading and watching — feel free to leave any thoughts/comments below.
Gosh. I’ve got myself into a right ol’ rabbit hole with this topic over the last few months, particularly in the last 24 hours.
The deeper I delve, the more the layers unravel before my eyes. The dark ramifications for this relatively new technology run far deeper than I ever imagined but I’ll come to that later.
NFTs — Non-Fungible Tokens — are perhaps the hottest topic in the art world at the moment, a new way to earn money from art which has exploded onto the scene during the pandemic as creators scrabble to earn a crust.
The latter is understandable. After all, these are tough times for artists with many of the traditional income-generating mechanisms pulled from under our feet in March 2020.
Then a new technology by the name of NFT strolled into town, apparently offering a whole new way to bring value to our treasured efforts. It’s already made some folk into millionaires — the wildest of riches seem tangible again in the toughest of times.
And that’s got to be good for artists and the art world, right? Right?
No.
PERCEIVED VALUE
I’ve rolled my eyes at NFTs from the outset because I simply haven’t been able to get a handle on their attraction, a sentiment that’s persisted even after absorbing so many articles and videos over recent months.
NFTs may be a relatively new way to create currency from art but artificial mechanisms to generate perceived value certainly aren’t a novel concept.
As we know, photography is a highly reproducible medium so we’ve always needed to think of ways to create additional value so that people will feel more attracted to buying our work, in turn helping us pay the bills and continue to make new photographs.
Limited edition prints are a prime example of that.
When people buy one of my prints they have a beautiful, tangible object to hang on the wall and enjoy day-after-day for years to come.
It can even be handed down through the generations, a permanent memento of that chap who travelled to every lifeboat station.
Which brings me onto a pertinent question:
WHAT IS AN NFT?
In the simplest of terms, an NFT is a unique digital token associated with an artwork. It is not the artwork itself. People can buy and sell these unique digital tokens and make money from them. Just as with any trade, they can lose money too.
After rubbing your eyes, take a moment to re-read that last paragraph again.
That’s right — if you purchase an NFT, you’re not buying the artwork itself, you’re buying a string of computer code associated with it. In essence, a web link.
The string of computer code is described as a unique digital token minted on a blockchain.
Believe it or not, you don’t even have to own an artwork to create an NFT associated with it. The ownership of the unique digital token appears to be the attraction for the NFT collector rather than any tangible object.
I say ‘appears to be’ because I’m still trying to wrap my head around it.
Margaret Wertheim highlights this in the first really useful article I found on the topic back in May:
“One difference with an NFT is that the exact image it links to is probably available online for anyone to enjoy as much as the collector who’s paid thousands of dollars for a token.”
She goes on to say:
“Perhaps the rights NFT collectors most highly value are bragging rights: They can say they “own” a work. Yet their copy has no special qualities aside from its NFT, so under the hood of the hype, the frenzy is about the token, in which there is now a booming secondary market.
“It’s hard not to see this as a case of digital tulip fever. Can you imagine paying millions of dollars for a bar code? Then again, perhaps this is the apotheosis of Warhol’s soup can strategies — attributing value to that which seems the most banal.“
Have a look at the video below to see an expert describing what NFTs are and why they’re so popular. He’s not just any old expert either, he’s Alex Atallah, the co-founder of OpenSea, the world’s largest NFT marketplace (according to their own website).
Yet, despite commanding such a supreme perspective on the topic, even Alex appears to struggle at times when it comes to describing NFTs:
Still scratching your head? Me too.
The implications for photography really dawned on me during a Twitter conversation back in May with astronomy photographer Andrew McCarthy on various aspects of the NFT model:
I'm really not understanding this model. Take aside the carbon offsetting aspect for the moment, I've just downloaded a 9000px / 231.7MB (!) file from this transaction page. So, what else would I be getting by offering you the 'Buy It Now' price of $37K? https://t.co/wxOweXYAXW
As you can see above, I found it incredulous that I could download the high resolution file of his work. In a previous 12 year chapter, I was a printmaker and retoucher so I have the skills and equipment to make a huge print of the utmost quality from Andrew’s beautiful photograph of the moon (something I will never do, of course).
Andrew went on to say that he didn’t mind about that because he was protected by international copyright law. Furthermore, the digital token had the value, not the photograph itself.
For want of a better phrase, that is screwed up.
NFTs were dead to me from that moment, let alone from what I would find out later.
Incidentally, I see that the NFT page for Andrew’s image has been taken down. A quick scan of his Twitter feed this morning seems to show that he’s concentrating heavily on print sales. Perhaps he’s had a rethink? I do hope so.
Anyway, back to those digital tokens…
NFTs seem to be secure and un-hackable because the tokens are maintained across tens of thousands of servers dotted about the planet.
Although they may be secure NFTs are by no means risk-free.
That string of computer code will stay there for as long as the company hosting it is still in business and/or for as long as the link to that code is still pointing ‘in the right direction’ to associate it with you and your transaction.
“The owner of a domain could either redirect the URL to point elsewhere or could simply forget to pay their hosting bill which would result in the disappearance of the URL altogether, resulting in an expensive 404 Page Not Found.“
In summary, people who buy NFTs aren’t buying the artwork itself, nor do they have any rights to the artwork.
They are buying a unique digital token associated with the artwork and the transaction. Although ‘secure while it is secure’, the mechanisms around that transaction could fail at any time for a plethora of reasons.
With me so far?
Good. But now you need to make sure you’re sitting down because it’s about to get dark, very dark.
DARK
We’re in the midst of a climate crisis, right?
A climate crisis.
Remember the tens of thousands of servers I mentioned earlier? They use a lot of energy.
Bonus tweet: this is what just one cryptocurrency mine looks like (NFTs come under the ‘cryptocurrency’ banner too): pic.twitter.com/TwUMMrpX8i
click to have a look for yourself and check out the Bitcoin Index too!
You’ll hear people saying but Ethereum 2.0’s coming soon but that’s been promised for years and it’s not here now!
At the time of writing, Ethereum remains 100% Proof of Work, the system that creates the heinous statistics above.
You’ll also hear people talking about Proof of Stake as an alternative.
It’s true, PoS is much more energy efficient than PoW but it’s littered with its own problems and doesn’t negate the catastrophe being created by Ethereum right now, today.
In short, it simply isn’t good enough to say “it will be alright in a few years” when the biggest problems are here now.
If you were going to hit a wall at 100mph in 1 minute’s time, would you feel better if you were told the wall will be removed in 2 minutes’ time? I’m guessing not.
Anyway, back to October’s words…
And check out this article published just yesterday at bitcoin dot com, kindly sent to me by Andy Barnham. A paragraph reads:
“In an effort to explain why Kazakhstan is considering imposing restrictions on new cryptocurrency mining operations, the Ministry of Energy told local media that data centers minting digital coins use 5 megawatts (MW) of electricity each hour. Just a single mining facility burns an average of 3.6 million kilowatts (kW) a month, the department stated, noting that the amount equals the consumption of 24,000 homes.”
I find all these statistics incredibly alarming and very few people in the art world seem to be joining the dots.
For example, take JR’s recent excitement in announcing his grand entrance into this new technology:
ASIDE: It pains me to write this as I hold JR in high esteem, not least as he’s been a huge influence on a new dimension to my own work during the pandemic. This week, I was very disappointed to learn of his foray into NFTs.
As JR’s tweet says, his NFT page is live here where the concept is described thus:
“…the artwork has been divided into 4,591 Greetings from Giza NFTs, each showing a unique detail of the work made up of black and white shapes.”
So, it’s not just one NFT — it’s one artwork split into 4591 NFTs. The cost of each NFT is $250.
If the energy figures I’ve found so far are correct, this means:
4591 NFTs x 75 kWh = enough electricity to power an average UK home for 88 years!
JR says that his NFTs are powered by Palm, whose site contains this information (bear in mind that ‘gas’ doesn’t refer to the fossil fuel but to further jargon for another type of transaction):
“Palm is a new NFT ecosystem for culture and creativity, built efficiently with Ethereum. The Palm ecosystem features low gas costs, fast transaction finality, and is over 99.9% more energy efficient than Proof of Work systems.“
But I’ve found other up-to-date sources like this that say:
“Ethereum has plans to change its proof-of-work algorithm to an energy efficient proof-of-stake algorithm called Casper. This change would minimize energy consumption and will be implemented gradually according to the latest roadmap. For now, Ethereum is still running on proof-of-work completely.”
In better news, I’ve stumbled across the great example set by Joanie Lemercier, an artist who’s realised the impact of his actions and changed his behaviour to less impactful methods.
The article on Wired reads:
“The culprit was Lemercier’s first blockchain “drop.” The event involved the sale of six so-called nonfungible tokens, or NFTs, which took the form of short videos inspired by the concept of platonic solids. In the clips, dark metallic polyhedrons rotate on loop and glisten—a reference to Lemercier’s installations in the physical world. The works were placed for auction on a website called Nifty Gateway, where they sold out in 10 seconds for thousands of dollars. The sale also consumed 8.7 megawatt-hours of energy, as he later learned from a website called Cryptoart.WTF“
The piece continues:
“After learning about his carbon footprint, Lemercier canceled two planned drops, which had been tentatively priced at $200,000.“
VERY DARK
As I mentioned right at the start of the article, the concept of NFTs is a hot topic and its popularity is sky-rocketing, along with its energy consumption:
Imagine what this sudden increase in energy consumption means for the planet while we’re in the midst of a climate crisis.
It’s absolutely catastrophic.
In between hearing so cool, incredible and awesome in that interview with Alex Atallah earlier, there didn’t seem to be space to mention this fatal environmental and social impact.
It seems that some of the companies who run and maintain the blockchains are very aware of their environmental impact and therefore endeavour to highlight that they’re using renewable energy to power their operations.
I’ve found that greenwashing is rife, even down to companies referring to their blockchain as an ecosystem, as if giving the impression from the outset that the whole NFT arena is green from the ground up.
This couldn’t be further from the truth.
Such is the power consumption from the servers maintaining cryptocurrency blockchains (NFTs are a cryptocurrency) that it’s heavily contributing to global power shortages — so much so that dormant coal mines are being reopened across the globe in a sprint for cheap energy.
Not only that, but the working conditions are often so dangerous (particularly in the illegal mines that are reopening) that there are hundreds of deaths as a result.
To put it bluntly, cryptocurrencies are contributing so massively to the unprecedented spike in energy consumption that hundreds of people are dying in the scramble to produce the energy required to run the servers.
Never mind all the arty bollocks and general guff around NFTs, what about the energy consumption and deaths of hundreds of miners?
I read a reply to a tweet recently (I can’t locate it now) which defensively said something along the lines of:
“NFTs are the best thing I’ve ever done for my family.”
I wonder if that would include his grandchildren and great grandchildren, or the families of all those miners who are currently dying around the world trying to serve the needs of the few who refuse to look beyond the end of their nose in pursuit of a quick buck?
We need to break this cycle.
Keep on thinking about alternatives. There are a myriad of other options open to us. Some of them are described within these pages and, in many cases, previously tried and tested ways remain the best.
Of course, every method of earning a living from our creations will have an impact of some kind but very few will bear such a level of guff, greenwashing, social and environmental impact as NFTs.
The emperor’s new clothes? Yes.
A house of cards? Certainly.
To anybody trading NFTs or planning to enter the arena for the first time, I implore you to stop.
Nature knows nowt about money and this is just a new way to torture the planet.
Earth is the only home we’ve ever known and NFTs are one of the last things it needs right now.
FURTHER READING
Two articles I discovered a few days after writing this post, which galvanised everything for me, bringing a neat full-stop to a hectic week:
You might also like to read the blog post I wrote a few days later called Response from ART3 about NFTs — my open correspondence with The British Journal of Photography about their venture into NFTs.
Coming up with the ideas and executing them is tricky enough, but we also have to run a business and everything that goes with it — ‘everything’ includes anything from accountancy to washing up the coffee cups at the end of the day.
Our brains rarely switch off, so we work silly hours at all times of day, every day of the week.
It’s a life that’s all-consuming but we love it, especially when it all ticks along smoothly!
REDRESSING THE BALANCE
One of the puzzles I’m fascinated by — and spend a lot of time thinking about — is how to earn a living through the work I’m passionate about making.
Like many creators, I’m aiming to feel financially secure, to know where my pennies are coming from day-to-day and to be in control of that as much as possible.
Back in 2017, I started to use Patreon with that goal in mind.
For those who aren’t familiar with Patreon, it’s a membership platform which endeavours to tap into the centuries-old notion of patronage to help creators build a consistent, sustainable and predictable income.
In a world where so much arts-related income is a flash in the pan — whether selling artworks or receiving grants — I believe the concept of successfully funding our work through patronage is the Holy Grail.
But what is patronage?
Well, it’s very simple: It’s when the very people who value your work want to help you with regular financial contributions.
When those people help you on your creative path in this way, they become your patrons.
That’s it.
When I first started using Patreon, I created various reward levels — or Tiers, as they’re known.
This means that people could receive different rewards depending on how much they pledged. It’s what other creators were doing on the platform and it’s also how Patreon themselves advise their users to set up their presence within the platform.
I tried to keep my rewards simple with the things I was already making and selling, such as prints and postcards. However, I’ve seen all sorts of elaborate rewards being offered by other creators like monthly behind-the-scenes videos and gifts.
Taking the latter into account, I’ve heard people complaining that Patreon is like a second job and that it’s almost impossible to keep on top of the rewards let alone do the normal work of a creator — making the art and running the business.
That’s because (in most cases) this approach is wrong and doesn’t marry up with the true notion of patronage.
You don’t need to worry about creating a transaction with your audience in exchange for their pledge because I bet you’re providing that transaction already.
For example, raise your hand if you’ve entertained people free-of-charge for years on social media…
[looks around the room]
…just as I thought: All of you.
Receiving support from your patrons redresses the balance, it completes the transaction.
As I keep saying: Back in the day, people would have happily bought a magazine if they were interested in a topic, so why not now?
So, forget the extra gifts and videos (unless it’s easy for you and you enjoy it).
You don’t even have to write extra blog posts.
You simply need to keep doing what you’re doing already and decide who you’re going to share them with — the public or your patrons.
Click here and you’ll see that I use the ‘subtitle’ feature on my project blog posts to graphically show whether a post is for members of The LSP Society or for public consumption.
It’s not a case of more energy but rather a redirection of energy.
NEXT STEPS
I’m always looking to other people I respect to see how they do it.
In 2019, I became a patron of Brandon Stanton, not only to support his phenomenal Humans of New York project but to see how he funds it through Patreon — a great way to support a fellow photographer while learning from a master. After all, 16K+ patrons can’t be wrong!
I was struck by Brandon’s wording in each of his Tiers:
‘All pledge levels provide access to all content on the Patreon page, and go toward the creation of Humans of New York. Pledge whatever amount you’re comfortable with.’
“Yes!” I thought. “That’s the right approach!”
It’s the right approach because it’s how patronage should be: helping somebody to continue doing what they do already without expecting anything extra in return.
After all, the patron is already receiving something extra — they are being entertained and have the satisfaction that they’re helping to make something good, something that enriches the world and makes it a better place. That is the transaction.
Furthermore. they get to engage directly with the creator they’re supporting. It’s a win-win built on genuine human engagement.
Not only that, but the person paying £1 per month gets the same as somebody paying £50 per month.
Why? Even though two patrons may be pledging different monetary amounts, the respective value to each of those patrons may be completely different.
The patron paying £50 might find it much easier to pay their contribution than the person paying £1, so why should they receive anything different to one another?
The work you’re diligently creating — and then sharing online — is likely to be enough already.
SETTING CLEAR BOUNDARIES
So, what did I do when I came to this realisation?
I stripped back my Tiers to just one and adopted wording very similar to Brandon’s.
I wrote to my existing patrons and told them what I was doing from that point on, reassuring them, of course, that I would honour the agreements we’d made up to that point.
That last paragraph is vital because communication is the key to successful relationships with your patrons who are parting with their hard-earned cash to support you.
My life of patronage has been so much simpler since.
Now that I’ve moved away from Patreon to build my own membership platform — The LSP Society — you’ll see that I’ve adopted exactly the same strategy.
Full membership starts from £1 per month in my effort to make the full breadth of my project as accessible to as many people as possible.
I do offer one level of ‘reward’ at £20 per month, though — a signed copy of the final book or a limited edition print every year.
But, again, that’s in the spirit of accessibility. These are very straight forward rewards for me to offer as they already sit within The Lifeboat Station Project and it’s a neat way for patrons to pay for a print by instalments if they can’t stretch to it in one hit.
In summary, if you hear people saying things like “Don’t get into Patreon because it’s like a second job” think again.
It shouldn’t be that way.
When you set up your membership platform or profile, nobody else sets the rules and boundaries but you!
Therefore, make those boundaries clear from the outset. Simply ensure that your patrons are helping you to do what you’re doing so well right now, because gawd knows it’s hard enough already.
ONE MORE THING
This is a whole other topic but I no longer recommend using Patreon.
Where possible, be the goalposts — keep any reliance on big platforms to a minimum and stay as independent as you can.
I used a WordPress plugin called MemberPress to create The LSP Society. It was one of the best redirections of energy I’ve ever implemented — it took just a couple of weeks during Lockdown 2 in November to work out how to incorporate it into The Lifeboat Station Project, which has been a self-hosted WordPress site from the outset.
We all rely on systems to some degree but it’s more important than ever not to be at the behest of the behemoths!
In that post, I briefly outlined various reasons why I like to fund The Lifeboat Station Project in the way that I do.
I gave one specific example of The LSP Society but I thought it would be pertinent to write this second part now while I have another live example underway so that you can see a second thought process in action, one that works very well for me on a number of levels.
OILING THE WHEELS
When I started making giant posters just over a year ago (see my latest example above), it soon became clear that they’re pretty expensive to make — not just on the printing front, but the other costs too such as travel and accommodation.
To put it bluntly, if I was going to make these posters happen within the challenging landscape of a pandemic, I could really do with some financial help to oil the wheels.
Several well-meaning folk pointed me in the direction of Arts Council England as they were sure this would be an ideal candidate for funding my new idea. They were undoubtedly right but, if you’ve read Part 1, you’ll already know what I felt about that.
The thought of filling in application forms — and potentially having to adapt my language and approach in order to jump through the necessary hoops — made my blood run cold. Not to mention waiting for a judgement as to whether or not my proposal would be deemed worthy of funding.
Because I have utter conviction in my work and I know that it is worth funding, I kept on thinking.
Then the perfect idea hit me: I could rally people to get behind this new dimension by asking them to sponsor the individual sheets that make up a giant poster.
Within an hour or so, I divided a digital file of the photograph into a grid of 44 greyed-out sections (representing the number of sheets I needed to print) and posted it onto the project’s Posters page.
I then asked my Twitter followers and patrons if they’d like to sponsor my next poster at a cost of £10 per sheet.
It soon took off and, as each sheet was sponsored, I ‘activated’ the greyed-out squares to make it into a more engaging experience.
Within just a few days, all 44 sheets were sponsored and the costs were covered without a funding application form in sight!
It had worked brilliantly, so I repeated the process for the second installation of the giant Lucy Lavers poster in April, this time with 35 sheets:
Again, the second poster was fully sponsored within just a few days.
Furthermore, I also introduced 60x50cm commemorative posters for £10 so that people could purchase their own smaller version of the poster.
By combining that with instructions on how to paste your own poster, it made for a highly successful and engaging experience for anybody who wanted to get involved.
NORTHERN EYE PHOTOGRAPHY FESTIVAL
As well as speaking at the Northern Eye Photography Festival in October, I’ve been invited to paste seven more posters as part of the the fringe festival.
It was such fun to come up the ideas I’ve described above that — you’ve guessed it — I’m doing exactly the same again in order to fundraise some of the costs.
At the time of writing, 20 sheets have already been sponsored following the launch two days ago:
If you head to the Posters page for a closer look, you’ll also see that I’ve added the commemorative posters for these new photographs too.
LIMITED BY OUR IMAGINATIONS
In conclusion (for the moment), I’m sharing all this with you to offer other ways of thinking about funding your own work, and to remind you that we are only limited by our imaginations.
It may be the convention to apply for funding from recognised institutions but, to my mind, it takes a lot less effort to come up with ideas like these than it does to fill out one of those lengthy forms.
It’s much more dynamic and, depending on how people pay, the funds can be with you instantly.
Not only that, an approach like this directly engages your audience and gives them an opportunity to connect with the artist and the work they’re creating.
Furthermore, I know my audience — my crowd — approve of the work they’re supporting because otherwise they wouldn’t have parted with their hard-earned money to directly support it.
By contrast, logos of institutional and corporate organisations may well appear alongside artworks they’ve approved using public money but it doesn’t always mean that the public agree with how the money has been spent.
Please remember that this isn’t an attack on public funding or public funding bodies. I’m aware that they have their place and that there are many beautiful projects and artworks that wouldn’t have been able to happen had it not been for their help.
I’m simply hoping to get your cogs turning in a world where there appears to be set ways of doing things. Perhaps the rules and conventions aren’t as cast iron as you might think.
JR CHRONICLES
On a final note, I’m very excited this evening as we’re heading to London on the train tomorrow to see JR Chronicles at the Saatchi Gallery.
Jack Lowe 